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    Matthew 2:13-23
    Lesson 3      

    Read both the "King James Bible" and the "New Living Translation."

    In this lesson:
     
    Escape to Egypt.

    The Flight to Egypt.
    By Italian painter Vittore Carpaccio (1465-1525).
    ​Study Tip: 
     
    The more we know about the old prophecies, the Mosaic Law, and 
    ​    the First Covenant, the more we understand the New Testament.  
    Always click on the Old Testament links and the blue "Margin Notes,"
    they are important tools that help us understand God's plan for mankind.
    Who was -
     
    Jeremiah -
    Jeremiah was a Hebrew prophet, also called Jeremy or Jeremias (Matthew 16:14).  He is the author of The Old Testament books "The Lamentations of Jeremiah" and "The Book of the Prophet Jeremiah."  From the village of Anathoth (Jeremiah 1:1), three miles northeast of Jerusalem, God "ordained" him a prophet before he was born (Jeremiah 1:5).  Jeremiah lived in the sixth and seventh centuries BC.  He was known as the "weeping prophet."  His story is one of perseverance, as he was persecuted by his fellow Jews and even his own family (Jeremiah 12:6) for prophesying that, unless Israel renounced its idolatry, it would fall into the hands of their enemies.  Four successive Jewish kings ignored his warnings to repent.  Jeremiah was imprisoned (Jeremiah 37:15), and King Jehoiakim (of Judah) tried several times to kill him (Jeremiah 36:26).  Finally, God punished Israel for its sins.  The Babylonians defeated the Israelites and destroyed Jerusalem.  Many Jews, including King Jehoiakim, were taken to Babylon as slaves.  Jeremiah eluded the Babylonians and fled to Egypt.  He correctly predicted that Israel's captivity would last seventy years (Jeremiah 25:11) and that Babylon would be destroyed.  You can learn more in "The Book of the Prophet Jeremiah."
     
     
    Archelaus -
    The son of King Herod the Great and Malthace.  Educated in Rome, Archelaus was given half of his deceased father's kingdom by the Roman Emperor Caesar.  He ruled Idumea, Judea, and Samaria for almost ten years.  His brother, Herod Antipas, ruled the other half of Herod's kingdom.  It was Antipas who beheaded John the Baptist (Matthew 14:1-11; Mark 6:21-28) and "mocked" Jesus (Luke 23:11).  Archelaus was also known for his cruelty.  His harsh reputation is probably why Joseph avoided Judea when he returned to Israel from Egypt with the infant Messiah (Matthew 2:22).  Archelaus was eventually deposed by the Romans, stripped of his wealth, and exiled to Gaul.    

    The Gospel According to St. Matthew

    The King James Bible    ​

    Matthew 2:13-23
    Joseph's second dream

    13 And when they were departed, behold, the angel of the Lord appeareth to Joseph in a dream, saying, Arise, and take the young child and his mother, and flee into Egypt, and be thou there until I bring thee word: for Herod will seek the young child to destroy him. 

    14 When he arose, he took the young child and his mother by night, and departed into Egypt: 

    15 And was there until the death of Herod: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying, Out of Egypt have I called my son. 

    16 Then Herod, when he saw that he was mocked of the wise men, was exceeding wroth, and sent forth, and slew all the children that were in Bethlehem, and in all the coasts thereof, from two years old and under, according to the time which he had diligently inquired of the wise men. 

    17 Then was fulfilled that which was spoken by Jeremiah the prophet, saying, 

    18 In Rama was there a voice heard, lamentation, and weeping, and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children, and would not be comforted, because they are not. 

    19 But when Herod was dead, behold, an angel of the Lord appeareth in a dream to Joseph in Egypt, 

    20 Saying, Arise, and take the young child and his mother, and go into the land of Israel: for they are dead which sought the young child's life. 

    21 And he arose, and took the young child and his mother, and came into the land of Israel. 

    22 But when he heard that Archelaus did reign in Judaea in the room of his father Herod, he was afraid to go thither: notwithstanding, being warned of God in a dream, he turned aside into the parts of Galilee: 

    23 And he came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophets, He shall be called a Nazarene.                ​
    ​​Margin notes: 
     
    "Out of Egypt have I called my son." (2:15) - This is another fulfilled prophecy.  Seven hundred years before Jesus was born, the Old Testament predicted that He would spend time in Egypt and then Nazareth (Hosea 11:1).  The Israelites came out of Egyptian slavery, and Jesus came out of Egypt to free mankind from the slavery of sin.  
     
    "He was mocked of the wise men." (2:16) - Means "(Herod) was tricked by the wise men."
     
    "Exceeding wroth." (2:16) - "Infuriated."
     
    "Slew all the children that were in Bethlehem, and in all the coasts thereof."  (2:16) - "(Herod) killed all the children in Bethlehem and the surrounding area."  

    "Rama." (2:18) - A small village north of Bethlehem. 
      
    "Rachel weeping for her children." (2:18) - Rachel was the wife of Jacob, from their twelve sons came the twelve tribes of Israel.  Therefore, she is called the mother of Jews.  Rachel died in childbirth and was buried near Bethlehem (Genesis 35:19).  
    ​    This verse is a paraphrase from Jeremiah 31:15.  It refers to the sorrow that gripped Rama, Bethlehem, and the surrounding area after King Herod had their children slaughtered.

    "Because they are not." (2:18) - "Because they are dead."

    "In the room of his father Herod." (2:22) - "In place of his father, Herod."
     
    "He was afraid to go thither." (2:22) - "He was afraid to go there."
     
    "He turned aside into the parts of Galilee." (2:22) - "He went to Galilee instead."  Galilee was a small area in Palestine that ran forty-five miles from its northern tip at Mount Hermon to its southern near Carmel and Gilboa.  Galilee boasted about two hundred small villages, including Nazareth.  Galileans had a distinct accent and were considered so disreputable they were forbidden to testify in legal proceedings.
     
    "He came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth." (2:23) - This is more evidence that Jesus was the Christ.  The Old Testament prophesied over six hundred years earlier that the Messiah would live in Nazareth.  Nazareth was a small city (population 18,000) in Galilee (Luke 1:26), approximately seventy-five miles north of Jerusalem and fourteen miles from the Sea of Galilee along the southern ridges of Lebanon.  The main road between Egypt and Asia passed by Nazareth and brought many travelers and tradesmen.  In Jesus' day, the people of Nazareth were looked down on as second-class citizens (John 1:46).  Although Jesus was raised in Nazareth (Matthew 2:21-23; Mark 1:9), its citizens rejected Him (Matthew 13:54-58; Mark 6:1-4) and tried to throw Him off a cliff (Luke 4:14-30).   
     
    "He shall be called a Nazarene." (2:23) - This seems to be a quote from the Old Testament, yet no such reference exists.  What does exist are prophecies that the Messiah would be despised (e.g., Psalms 22:6; Isaiah 53:3).  In Jesus' day, "Nazarene" was a synonym for despised.  Another fulfilled prophecy?  Additional note: Christians were often called "the sect of Nazarenes" (Acts 24:5).  This is still true today in parts of Palestine and Syria.

                                                     New Living Translation

    ​
    Matthew 2:13-23                  
    The Escape to Egypt
     
    13 After the wise men were gone, an angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream. "Get up! Flee to Egypt with the child and his mother," the angel said. "Stay there until I tell you to return, because Herod is going to search for the child to kill him."
     
    14 That night Joseph left for Egypt with the child and Mary, his mother,

    15 and they stayed there until Herod's death. This fulfilled what the Lord had spoken through the prophet: "I called my Son out of Egypt."
     
    16 Herod was furious when he realized that the wise men had outwitted him. He sent soldiers to kill all the boys in and around Bethlehem who were two years old and under, based on the wise men's report of the star's first appearance.

    17 Herod's brutal action fulfilled what God had spoken through the prophet Jeremiah:
     
    18 "A cry was heard in Ramah-
          weeping and great mourning.
       Rachel weeps for her children,
          refusing to be comforted,
          for they are dead."
     
    The Return to Nazareth
     
    19 When Herod died, an angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt.

    20 "Get up!" the angel said. "Take the child and his mother back to the land of Israel, because those who were trying to kill the child are dead."
     
    21 So Joseph got up and returned to the land of Israel with Jesus and his mother.

    22 But when he learned that the new ruler of Judea was Herod's son Archelaus, he was afraid to go there. Then, after being warned in a dream, he left for the region of Galilee.

    ​23 So the family went and lived in a town called Nazareth. This fulfilled what the prophets had said: "He will be called a Nazarene."

    This second Bible text from the "New Living Translation" (Tyndale House, Publishers, Wheaton, Illinois) is a paraphrase and not an accurate word-for-word translation of the Bible.  However, it is a helpful tool when read with the "King James Version."
    Today's Questions:
     
    1. Why did King Herod have all the boys under the age of two in Bethlehem and the surrounding area killed? (2:16)
     
    2.  Why did God warn Joseph to flee from Herod and not the other parents in Bethlehem?  (2:13)



    Protect yourself from sin; put the word of God in your heart (Psalm 119:11    ). 
    Answers: (Do you agree?) 
    ​
    1. Because Herod was afraid that the newborn Messiah threatened his authority.  He learned from the wise men that the Messiah was between six months and twenty months old, so he ordered the murder of all boys up to the age of twenty-four months (just to be on the safe side).  Herod couldn't understand that Jesus didn't come to overthrow him, but to offer all mankind, including him, eternal life.
     
     2. Sometimes God intercedes on earth, but usually, He lets mankind's cruelty reach its own tragic end.  Inhumanity saddens God, but He allows cruelty to teach us.  God did not stop Herod's brutal plan to kill the children of Bethlehem but protected the infant Jesus to fulfill His promise that a Messiah would bring salvation to mankind.




    ​Application thought for the day:
     
    What lessons can be learned from this passage about following God's instructions?     ​
    Thanks to the writings and commentary of John Wesley and Adam Clarke.  Also, "The Layman's Bible Study Notebook" by Irving Jensen, published by Harvest House Publishing, Irvine, California; the "Life Change Series" published by NavPress books, Colorado Springs, Colorado; "Robertson's New Testament Word Studies;" "The MacArthur Bible Commentary" by John MacArthur published by Thomas Nelson, Nashville, Tennessee; "Wisdom of the Bible" CD by Topics Entertainment, Inc., Renton, Washington for their inspiring pictures; "My utmost for His Highest" by Oswald Chambers, published by Barbour Publishing, Inc., Uhrichsville, Ohio; The "Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge" by Reuben Archer Torrey; "Hope For Each Day" by Billy Graham published by J. Countryman, a division of Thomas Nelson, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee; "Easton's Bible Dictionary" by Matthew George Easton; "Unger's Bible Dictionary" by Merrill F. Unger, published by Moody Press, Chicago, Illinois; "Atlas of the Bible" edited by Joseph L. Gardner, published by Readers Digest, Pleasantville, New York; "Halley's Bible Handbook" by Henry H. Halley, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, Michigan; "The Everyday Bible" published by World Wide Publications, Minneapolis, Minnesota; "The New Testament" Recovery Version published by Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim, California; "The Living New Testament" published by Tyndale house, Wheaten, Illinois; "The New Living Translation" published by Tyndale House, Wheaten, Illinois; "The New Testament" translated from the Latin Vulgate, published by Guild Press, New York, New York; the "Life Application Study Bible" published by Tyndale House Publishing, Carol Stream, Illinois; the "Quest Study Bible" published by The Zondervan Corporation, Grand Rapids, Michigan; "The New Scofield Reference Bible' published by Oxford University Press, New York, New York; BibleGateway.com for all their wonderful links; and of course, the "King James Bible."  All were critical in putting these lessons together.
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