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In this lesson:
Years have passed since chapter two. In our last lesson, Jesus was a boy; now He's ready to begin His ministry. Starting with this lesson and running through verse 4:11 (lesson five), we see John the Baptist preparing the way for Jesus. Study Tip: Ask yourself... What does each passage teach me? Does it have a commandment for me to follow? What difference would it make in my life? |
Jesus' baptism in the Jordan
River at the hand of John the Baptist. By Italian High Renaissance painter and architect Raphael Sanzio da Urbino (1483-1520) |
Who were the -
Pharisees -
Pharisee is a Hebrew word meaning "the separated ones." So named because they separated themselves from anything that wasn't Jewish. The Pharisees were one of four Jewish religious sects, along with the Sadducees, Zealots, and Essenes. When Jesus was born, they were the most numerous and powerful of the sects. The early Pharisees (originally called Chasidim) taught the Mosaic Law to Jews returning to Jerusalem in 538 BC after 70 years of Babylonian captivity. Many returnees had lost the meaning of Judaism. Although they had a noble beginning, by Jesus' time, the Pharisees, with few exceptions, had devolved into a legalistic party of covetousness, self-righteous religious leaders who looked down on others (Luke 18:9). They believed they were more devout than other Jews and fasted twice a week (Luke 18:10-12). Yet, few Pharisees were genuinely religious. They strictly, but often hypocritically, followed the Law of Moses (the Torah) and the "tradition of the elders" (Matthew 15:2). The Pharisees were a dominant force in Jewish society who strictly, but often hypocritically, followed the Law of Moses (the Torah) and the "tradition of the elders" (Matthew 15:2). All religious ceremonies, prayers, and sacrifices were performed according to their decrees. Pharisees believed in God, the authority of the Scriptures, the resurrection of the dead (Daniel 12:2), angels, and spirits (Acts 23:8). But they placed their own rules above God's. They continually added more and more burdensome rites and ceremonies on their followers. In time, true faith was lost. The Pharisees were good at spinning the truth and finding fault in others. They anticipated the Messiah's arrival but expected him to be a great military/political leader. The Pharisees were so caught up in following the minute details of Jewish law that they didn't recognize Jesus as the Messiah they had been waiting for. They refused to accept Jesus even though they knew He performed miracles" (John 11:47) and witnessed some firsthand (Matthew 12:9-14; 21:14-15; Mark 3:1-6; Luke 5:24-26; 6:6-11; 14:2-4). Jesus called them hypocrites on many occasions (Matthew 15:7-8; 22:18; 23:23-35; Luke 11:42-44; 12:1). Their jealousy, pride, and anger towards Jesus turned to hatred. Finally, they called for the crucifixion of the very Messiah they had been waiting for. To rid themselves of Jesus, the anti-Roman Pharisees even "took counsel" with their bitter foes and pro-Roman Herodians (Mark 3:6). In Jesus' time, there were approximately six thousand Pharisees in Palestine.
Sadducees -
One of four Jewish sects (along with the Pharisees, Zealots, and the Essenes). Mostly well-educated, upper-class, and aristocratic, the Sadducees wielded considerable political power thanks to their wealth. Although smaller in number than the Pharisees, they were more worldly and held a majority of the seats in the council of elders (the Sanhedrin). The Sadducees rejected the traditions of the Pharisees and only believed in the first five books of the Old Testament (the Pentateuch). Unlike the Pharisees, they thought that souls died with the person and denied such things as the resurrection of the body (Matthew 22:23; Mark 12:18; Luke 20:27), eternal punishment or reward, and the existence of angels, demons, and spirits (Acts 23:8). They openly mocked the Pharisees and their burdensome rules. The Sadducees repeatedly sacrificed their religious beliefs to curry favor with the Roman occupiers. The Sadducees and Pharisees distrusted each other but came together to plot against Jesus (Matthew 22:34). The Sadducees vanished forever when the Roman army destroyed Jerusalem in AD 70.
Pharisees -
Pharisee is a Hebrew word meaning "the separated ones." So named because they separated themselves from anything that wasn't Jewish. The Pharisees were one of four Jewish religious sects, along with the Sadducees, Zealots, and Essenes. When Jesus was born, they were the most numerous and powerful of the sects. The early Pharisees (originally called Chasidim) taught the Mosaic Law to Jews returning to Jerusalem in 538 BC after 70 years of Babylonian captivity. Many returnees had lost the meaning of Judaism. Although they had a noble beginning, by Jesus' time, the Pharisees, with few exceptions, had devolved into a legalistic party of covetousness, self-righteous religious leaders who looked down on others (Luke 18:9). They believed they were more devout than other Jews and fasted twice a week (Luke 18:10-12). Yet, few Pharisees were genuinely religious. They strictly, but often hypocritically, followed the Law of Moses (the Torah) and the "tradition of the elders" (Matthew 15:2). The Pharisees were a dominant force in Jewish society who strictly, but often hypocritically, followed the Law of Moses (the Torah) and the "tradition of the elders" (Matthew 15:2). All religious ceremonies, prayers, and sacrifices were performed according to their decrees. Pharisees believed in God, the authority of the Scriptures, the resurrection of the dead (Daniel 12:2), angels, and spirits (Acts 23:8). But they placed their own rules above God's. They continually added more and more burdensome rites and ceremonies on their followers. In time, true faith was lost. The Pharisees were good at spinning the truth and finding fault in others. They anticipated the Messiah's arrival but expected him to be a great military/political leader. The Pharisees were so caught up in following the minute details of Jewish law that they didn't recognize Jesus as the Messiah they had been waiting for. They refused to accept Jesus even though they knew He performed miracles" (John 11:47) and witnessed some firsthand (Matthew 12:9-14; 21:14-15; Mark 3:1-6; Luke 5:24-26; 6:6-11; 14:2-4). Jesus called them hypocrites on many occasions (Matthew 15:7-8; 22:18; 23:23-35; Luke 11:42-44; 12:1). Their jealousy, pride, and anger towards Jesus turned to hatred. Finally, they called for the crucifixion of the very Messiah they had been waiting for. To rid themselves of Jesus, the anti-Roman Pharisees even "took counsel" with their bitter foes and pro-Roman Herodians (Mark 3:6). In Jesus' time, there were approximately six thousand Pharisees in Palestine.
Sadducees -
One of four Jewish sects (along with the Pharisees, Zealots, and the Essenes). Mostly well-educated, upper-class, and aristocratic, the Sadducees wielded considerable political power thanks to their wealth. Although smaller in number than the Pharisees, they were more worldly and held a majority of the seats in the council of elders (the Sanhedrin). The Sadducees rejected the traditions of the Pharisees and only believed in the first five books of the Old Testament (the Pentateuch). Unlike the Pharisees, they thought that souls died with the person and denied such things as the resurrection of the body (Matthew 22:23; Mark 12:18; Luke 20:27), eternal punishment or reward, and the existence of angels, demons, and spirits (Acts 23:8). They openly mocked the Pharisees and their burdensome rules. The Sadducees repeatedly sacrificed their religious beliefs to curry favor with the Roman occupiers. The Sadducees and Pharisees distrusted each other but came together to plot against Jesus (Matthew 22:34). The Sadducees vanished forever when the Roman army destroyed Jerusalem in AD 70.
The Gospel According to St. Matthew
The King James Bible
The King James Bible
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Matthew 3:1-17
John the Baptist prepares the way 1 In those days came John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judaea, 2 And saying, Repent ye: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand. 3 For this is he that was spoken of by the prophet Esaias, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight. 4 And the same John had his raiment of camel's hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins; and his meat was locusts and wild honey. 5 Then went out to him Jerusalem, and all Judaea, and all the region round about Jordan, 6 And were baptized of him in Jordan, confessing their sins. 7 But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees come to his baptism, he said unto them, O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come? 8 Bring forth therefore fruits meet for repentance: 9 And think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father: for I say unto you, that God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham. 10 And now also the axe is laid unto the root of the trees: therefore every tree which bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire. 11 I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance. but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire: 12 Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire. 13 Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to Jordan unto John, to be baptized of him. 14 But John forbad him, saying, I have need to be baptized of thee, and comest thou to me? 15 And Jesus answering said unto him, Suffer it to be so now: for thus it becometh us to fulfil all righteousness. Then he suffered him. 16 And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway out of the water: and, lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon him: 17 And lo a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. |
Margin notes:
"John the Baptist." (3:1) - John the Baptist was the son of the Jewish priest Zacharias and Elizabeth (Luke 1:8-13; 3:2). Elizabeth was the Virgin Mary's cousin (Luke 1:34-36), making John and Jesus distant cousins. John was a prophet of the Old Covenant sent by God to preach repentance (Matthew 3:2), to bridge the gap between the Old and New Testaments, and to prepare "the way" for the Messiah's arrival (Luke 1:17; 1:76-77), a mission so important it is mentioned in all four Gospels (Matthew 3:1-17; Mark 1:2-5; Luke 3:4-11; John 1:19-27). Jesus said there was never a person born greater than John the Baptist (Matthew 11:11; Luke 7:28). John was the first prophet in four hundred years and a lifetime Nazarite (Luke 1:15). To honor God, Nazarite Jews made religious offerings, took periodic vows not to cut their hair or drink alcohol, and to avoid contact with the dead. These vows lasted anywhere from thirty to one hundred days. Only three men were under lifetime Nazarite vows; Samson (Judges 13:2-7), Samuel (1 Samuel 1:11), and John (Luke 1:15). God chose all three to perform extraordinary missions. John's purpose was to prepare the way for the Messiah, as prophesied in Isaiah 40:3, Malachi 3:1, and 4:5-6. King Herod Antipas beheaded him for denouncing Herod's marriage to his niece and brother's ex-wife, Herodias, and the other "evils" (Luke 3:19-20). To learn more about Nazarite vows, read Numbers 6:1-21. "Repent." (3:2) - See "Today's Questions" below. "The kingdom of heaven." (3:2) - Means "The kingdom of God." Matthew uses the word "heaven" instead of "God" for the benefit of his Jewish audience, who refused to speak the name of God out of respect. Matthew's Gospel is the only place in the Bible where you will find this phrase. Matthew used the term "heaven" instead of "God" for the benefit of his Jewish audience. Jews avoided speaking the name of God out of respect. It's interesting to note that this phrase appears exclusively in Matthew's Gospel and not in any other books of the Bible. "This is he." (3:3) - "This is the one." "The voice of one crying in the wilderness." (3:3) - John is quoting Isaiah (Isaiah 40:3). Isaiah (meaning Jehovah is salvation) was a profit (also called Esaias) who died in 681 BC. Considered the greatest Old Testament prophet, Isaiah wrote "The Book of the Prophet Isaiah," which spoke out against hypocrisy (Isaiah 29:13). He prophesized the coming of the Messiah (Isaiah 6:15) seven hundred years before the birth of Christ. He is quoted over fifty times in the New Testament. "Prepares ye the way." (3:3) - Centuries earlier, Isaiah 40:3 and Malachi 3:1 predicted that a messenger would come before the Messiah to prepare "the way." John the Baptist preparing the way is another fulfilled prophecy. The Bible considers John's mission so critical; it is mentioned in all four Gospels (Mark 1:2-5; Luke 3:4-11; John 1:19-27). "John had his raiment of camel's hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins." (3:4) - "John wore clothes made from camel's hair, and a leather belt around his waist." These were the simple clothes of a poor person and reminiscent of Elijah's wardrobe (2 Kings 1:8), who John represented. "His meat was locusts and wild honey." (3:4) - "His food was locusts and wild honey." Again, this is the diet of a poor person. "Then went out to him Jerusalem, and all Judaea, and all the region round about Jordan." (3:5) - "Then Jerusalem, all Judaea, and all the area around the Jordan River went to see John." Sensing something special was happening, some walked forty miles to hear John and be baptized. "Jordan." (3:6) - The Jordan River lies approximately twenty miles east of Jerusalem and is about seventy miles long. It flows south from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea. "O generation of vipers." (3:7) - "O you children of vipers." "Bring forth therefore fruits meet for repentance." (3:8) - "Let the fruit of your actions prove your repentance." "We have Abraham to our father." (3:9) - "Abraham is our father." Jews often boasted that Abraham was their father (the first Jew). Some believed that merely being a descendant of Abraham guaranteed salvation. "Every tree which bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire." (3:10) - Read Jesus' words in Matthew 7:19 and John 15:6. "Holy Ghost." (3:11) - The Holy Ghost and the Holy Spirit are the same. "Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner." (3:12) - "His winnowing fork is at hand, and He will clean the (threshing) floor and bring his wheat into the barn." This is a metaphor. Farmers use winnowing forks to separate worthless chaff from the valuable wheat. In the same way, God will separate non-believers from believers. "Suffer it to be." (3:15) - "Let it be." "Then he suffered him." (3:15) - "Then he allowed him." "Went up straightway out of the water." (3:16) - "Came immediately out of the water." |
New Living Translation
Matthew 3:1-17
John the Baptist Prepares the Way
1 In those days John the Baptist came to the Judean wilderness and began preaching. His message was,
2 "Repent of your sins and turn to God, for the Kingdom of Heaven is near."
3 The prophet Isaiah was speaking about John when he said,
"He is a voice shouting in the wilderness,
'Prepare the way for the Lord's coming!
Clear the road for him!'"
4 John's clothes were woven from coarse camel hair, and he wore a leather belt around his waist. For food he ate locusts and wild honey.
5 People from Jerusalem and from all of Judea and all over the Jordan Valley went out to see and hear John.
6 And when they confessed their sins, he baptized them in the Jordan River.
7 But when he saw many Pharisees and Sadducees coming to watch him baptize, he denounced them. "You brood of snakes!" he exclaimed. "Who warned you to flee God's coming wrath?
8 Prove by the way you live that you have repented of your sins and turned to God.
9 Don't just say to each other, 'We're safe, for we are descendants of Abraham.' That means nothing, for I tell you, God can create children of Abraham from these very stones.
10 Even now the ax of God's judgment is poised, ready to sever the roots of the trees. Yes, every tree that does not produce good fruit will be chopped down and thrown into the fire.
11 "I baptize with water those who repent of their sins and turn to God. But someone is coming soon who is greater than I am-so much greater that I'm not worthy even to be his slave and carry his sandals. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire.
12 He is ready to separate the chaff from the wheat with his winnowing fork. Then he will clean up the threshing area, gathering the wheat into his barn but burning the chaff with never-ending fire."
The Baptism of Jesus
13 Then Jesus went from Galilee to the Jordan River to be baptized by John.
14 But John tried to talk him out of it. "I am the one who needs to be baptized by you," he said, "so why are you coming to me?"
15 But Jesus said, "It should be done, for we must carry out all that God requires." So John agreed to baptize him.
16 After his baptism, as Jesus came up out of the water, the heavens were opened and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and settling on him.
17 And a voice from heaven said, "This is my dearly loved Son, who brings me great joy."
The "New Living Translation" (Tyndale House, Publishers, Wheaton, Illinois) is a paraphrase and not an accurate word-for-word translation of the Bible. However, it is a helpful tool when read with the "King James Version."
John the Baptist Prepares the Way
1 In those days John the Baptist came to the Judean wilderness and began preaching. His message was,
2 "Repent of your sins and turn to God, for the Kingdom of Heaven is near."
3 The prophet Isaiah was speaking about John when he said,
"He is a voice shouting in the wilderness,
'Prepare the way for the Lord's coming!
Clear the road for him!'"
4 John's clothes were woven from coarse camel hair, and he wore a leather belt around his waist. For food he ate locusts and wild honey.
5 People from Jerusalem and from all of Judea and all over the Jordan Valley went out to see and hear John.
6 And when they confessed their sins, he baptized them in the Jordan River.
7 But when he saw many Pharisees and Sadducees coming to watch him baptize, he denounced them. "You brood of snakes!" he exclaimed. "Who warned you to flee God's coming wrath?
8 Prove by the way you live that you have repented of your sins and turned to God.
9 Don't just say to each other, 'We're safe, for we are descendants of Abraham.' That means nothing, for I tell you, God can create children of Abraham from these very stones.
10 Even now the ax of God's judgment is poised, ready to sever the roots of the trees. Yes, every tree that does not produce good fruit will be chopped down and thrown into the fire.
11 "I baptize with water those who repent of their sins and turn to God. But someone is coming soon who is greater than I am-so much greater that I'm not worthy even to be his slave and carry his sandals. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire.
12 He is ready to separate the chaff from the wheat with his winnowing fork. Then he will clean up the threshing area, gathering the wheat into his barn but burning the chaff with never-ending fire."
The Baptism of Jesus
13 Then Jesus went from Galilee to the Jordan River to be baptized by John.
14 But John tried to talk him out of it. "I am the one who needs to be baptized by you," he said, "so why are you coming to me?"
15 But Jesus said, "It should be done, for we must carry out all that God requires." So John agreed to baptize him.
16 After his baptism, as Jesus came up out of the water, the heavens were opened and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and settling on him.
17 And a voice from heaven said, "This is my dearly loved Son, who brings me great joy."
The "New Living Translation" (Tyndale House, Publishers, Wheaton, Illinois) is a paraphrase and not an accurate word-for-word translation of the Bible. However, it is a helpful tool when read with the "King James Version."
Key verses from this passage
"In those days came John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judaea, And saying, Repent ye: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand." (3:1-2)
"I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance. but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire." (3:11)
"And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway out of the water: and, lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon him: And lo a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased." (3:16-17)
"In those days came John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judaea, And saying, Repent ye: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand." (3:1-2)
"I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance. but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire." (3:11)
"And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway out of the water: and, lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon him: And lo a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased." (3:16-17)
Today's Questions:
1. Are sins forgiven by baptism? (3:6)
2. Was John the first to perform baptisms? (3:11)
3. What does repent mean? (3:2)
Our good works do not save us, we are saved to do good works.
Answers: (Do you agree?)
1. No, baptism alone does not forgive sins or bring salvation. Baptism is a public announcement meant to show faith in Jesus and to accept Him as the Messiah.
2. No, John was not the first to perform baptisms. Baptisms are an old tradition in Judaism (Leviticus 15:13). After the Jewish exile to Babylon, Rabbis used baptism as a cleansing ceremony. Baptisms also welcomed new converts to Judaism. By John's Day, many Jewish homes even had baptism baths so families could ritually cleanse themselves. However, John's baptisms were different. He turned their meaning into a symbolic, public demonstration of repentance and commitment to Jesus.
3. The word "repent is the translation of a Greek verb metanoeo, meaning to have another mind, to change the mind, and is used in the New Testament to indicate a change of mind in respect to sin, God, and self. This change of mind may, especially in the case of Christians who have fallen into sin, be preceded by sorrow (2 Corinthians 7:8-11); but sorrow for sin, though it may cause repentance, is not repentance. The son in Matthew 21:28-29 illustrates true repentance. Repentance is not an act separate from faith, but saving faith includes and implies that change of mind which is called repentance (see Hebrews 11:39)."
("The New Scofield Reference Bible," published by Oxford University Press, New York, New York; page 1191)
"The faith that saves must be placed in the Messiah as one’s substitute for the penalty of one’s sins.
The Messiah is the Savior from the penalty of sin.
Salvation is not merely believing that Yeshua existed.
Rather, the believer’s faith must be placed in the Messiah as his substitute for [the penalty of sin] and as his Savior from the penalty of sin.
(By the Messianic (converted) Jew Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum of Ariel Ministries)
Final thought, there is no faith without repentance and there is no repentance without faith.
Application thought for the day:
God wants His followers to be productive and bear fruit (3:8-10).
How can you be more productive for God?
1. Are sins forgiven by baptism? (3:6)
2. Was John the first to perform baptisms? (3:11)
3. What does repent mean? (3:2)
Our good works do not save us, we are saved to do good works.
Answers: (Do you agree?)
1. No, baptism alone does not forgive sins or bring salvation. Baptism is a public announcement meant to show faith in Jesus and to accept Him as the Messiah.
2. No, John was not the first to perform baptisms. Baptisms are an old tradition in Judaism (Leviticus 15:13). After the Jewish exile to Babylon, Rabbis used baptism as a cleansing ceremony. Baptisms also welcomed new converts to Judaism. By John's Day, many Jewish homes even had baptism baths so families could ritually cleanse themselves. However, John's baptisms were different. He turned their meaning into a symbolic, public demonstration of repentance and commitment to Jesus.
3. The word "repent is the translation of a Greek verb metanoeo, meaning to have another mind, to change the mind, and is used in the New Testament to indicate a change of mind in respect to sin, God, and self. This change of mind may, especially in the case of Christians who have fallen into sin, be preceded by sorrow (2 Corinthians 7:8-11); but sorrow for sin, though it may cause repentance, is not repentance. The son in Matthew 21:28-29 illustrates true repentance. Repentance is not an act separate from faith, but saving faith includes and implies that change of mind which is called repentance (see Hebrews 11:39)."
("The New Scofield Reference Bible," published by Oxford University Press, New York, New York; page 1191)
"The faith that saves must be placed in the Messiah as one’s substitute for the penalty of one’s sins.
The Messiah is the Savior from the penalty of sin.
Salvation is not merely believing that Yeshua existed.
Rather, the believer’s faith must be placed in the Messiah as his substitute for [the penalty of sin] and as his Savior from the penalty of sin.
(By the Messianic (converted) Jew Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum of Ariel Ministries)
Final thought, there is no faith without repentance and there is no repentance without faith.
Application thought for the day:
God wants His followers to be productive and bear fruit (3:8-10).
How can you be more productive for God?
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Thanks to the writings and commentary of John Wesley and Adam Clarke. Also, "The Layman's Bible Study Notebook" by Irving Jensen, published by Harvest House Publishing, Irvine, California; the "Life Change Series" published by NavPress books, Colorado Springs, Colorado; "Robertson's New Testament Word Studies;" "The MacArthur Bible Commentary" by John MacArthur published by Thomas Nelson, Nashville, Tennessee; "Wisdom of the Bible" CD by Topics Entertainment, Inc., Renton, Washington for their inspiring pictures; "My utmost for His Highest" by Oswald Chambers, published by Barbour Publishing, Inc., Uhrichsville, Ohio; The "Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge" by Reuben Archer Torrey; "Hope For Each Day" by Billy Graham published by J. Countryman, a division of Thomas Nelson, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee; "Easton's Bible Dictionary" by Matthew George Easton; "Unger's Bible Dictionary" by Merrill F. Unger, published by Moody Press, Chicago, Illinois; "Atlas of the Bible" edited by Joseph L. Gardner, published by Readers Digest, Pleasantville, New York; "Halley's Bible Handbook" by Henry H. Halley, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, Michigan; "The Everyday Bible" published by World Wide Publications, Minneapolis, Minnesota; "The New Testament" Recovery Version published by Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim, California; "The Living New Testament" published by Tyndale house, Wheaten, Illinois; "The New Living Translation" published by Tyndale House, Wheaten, Illinois; "The New Testament" translated from the Latin Vulgate, published by Guild Press, New York, New York; the "Life Application Study Bible" published by Tyndale House Publishing, Carol Stream, Illinois; the "Quest Study Bible" published by The Zondervan Corporation, Grand Rapids, Michigan; "The New Scofield Reference Bible" published by Oxford University Press, New York, New York; BibleGateway.com for all their wonderful links; and of course, the "King James Bible." All were critical in putting these lessons together.
© 2025 evolke
© 2025 evolke